Cooper PR, Epstein F (1985) Radical resection of intramedullary spinal
cord tumors in adults. Recent experience in 29 patients. J Neurosurg
63:492–499.
Structure / Content
Upper extremity function
Grade 0 Intact
Grade 1 Sensory symptoms only
Grade 2 Mild motor deficit with some functional impairment
Grade
3 Major functional impairment in at least one upper
extremity but upper extremities useful for simple tasks
Grade 4 No movement or flicker of movement in upper extremities; no useful function
Lower extremity function
Grade 0 Intact
Grade 1 Walks independently but not normally
Grade 2 Walks but needs cane or walker
Grade 3 Stands but cannot walk
Grade 4 Slight movement but cannot walk or stand
Grade 5 Paralysis
Scoring Method and Interpretation
The higher the grade, the more severe the deficit. Upper and
lower extremity are analysed separately, the grades are not summarized
References
Eur Spine J. 2007 December; 16(12): 2096–2103.
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